Teacher and Student

Teaching Aptitude

Teaching

Teaching means interaction of teacher and students in an interactive way where both of them participate for their mutual benefits. Both the students and teacher can have their own objective and target. Teachers are the backbone of every society and they play a vital role in nurturing the mind of the young child. The best teacher always gives knowledge and skills in very effective ways to young students.

Teaching Define as-

1. Teaching is to provide guidance and training.
2. Teaching is the interaction between teacher and students.
3. Teaching is an art to give knowledge to students in an effective way.
4. Teaching is a science to educate facts and causes of different topics of different subjects.
5. Teaching is a continuous process.
6. Teacher can teach effectively if he has full confidence in the subject.
7. Teaching encourages students to learn more and more.
8. Teaching is formal as well as informal
9. Teaching is the communication of information to students. In teaching, the teacher imparts information in an interesting way so that students can easily understand the information.
10. Teaching is a tool to help students to adjust themselves in society and its environment.

Qualities of Good Teacher :-

1. Teacher must identify the weak student in the class.
2. Teacher live with the students mentally.
3. Teacher must love the students.
4. Teacher must identify knowledge of student and build the student on what they have.
5. Teacher must give his own shoulder to his student for nurturing such that students can grow mentally and physically.
6. Teacher must be friendly with his student up to a certain limit inside the classroom.
7. Teacher must be humorous inside classroom and as well as he/she must have capabilities to control the classroom.
8. A good teacher must have in-depth knowledge of the subject.

Role of Teacher
1. Resource provider
2. Instructional specialist
3. Curriculum specialist
4. Classroom supporter
5. Learning facilitator
6. Mentor
7. School leader
8. Data coach
9. Catalyst for change
10. Learner for lifelong

1. Resource Provider : A Teacher must help their students and colleagues by sharing instructional resources. The instructional resources might include websites, any instructional
documents, any new idea’s, or other resources to use with the students.
2. Instructional Specialist : an instructional specialist always helps colleagues to implement effective teaching strategies in the institution. For example if your students submits new
laboratory reports written in very poor English-language, you invite some English teachers to recommend the strategies for writing the instruction in laboratory reports.
3. Curriculum Specialist : Curriculum specialist must understand the standard of content in the syllabus, how various subjects of the curricula links together and how to use the curriculam such that students can understand better.
4. Classroom Supporter : Classroom supporters work inside classrooms to help teachers implement new ideas, often by demonstrating a lesson, co-teaching, or observing and giving
feedback.
5. Learning Facilitator -Facilitating professional learning opportunities among staff members is another role for teacher leaders. When teachers learn with and from one another, they can focus on what most directly improves student learning. Their professional learning becomes more relevant, focused on teachers’ classroom work, and aligned to fill gaps in student learning. Such communities of learning can break the norms of isolation present in
many schools.
6. Mentor: Serving as a mentor for novice teachers is a common role for teacher leaders. Mentors serve as role models; acclimate new teachers to a new school; and advise new teachers
about instruction, curriculum, procedure, practices, and politics. Being a mentor takes a great deal of time and expertise and makes a significant contribution to the development of a new professional.

7. School Leader: Being a school leader means serving on a committee, such as a school improvement team; acting as a grade-level or department chair; supporting school initiatives; or representing the school on community or district task forces or committees. A school leader shares the vision of the school, aligns his or her professional goals with those of the school and district, and shares responsibility for the success of the school as a whole.

8. Data coach: Although teachers have access to a great deal of data, they do not often use that data to drive classroom instruction. Teacher leaders can lead conversations that engage their peers in analyzing and using this information to strengthen instruction.
9. Catalyst for change: Teacher leaders can also be catalysts for change. Teachers who take on the catalyst role feel secure in their own work and have a strong commitment to continual improvement. They pose questions to generate analysis of student learning.
10. Learner for Lifelong: Among the most important roles teacher leaders assume is that of learner. Learners model continual improvement, demonstrate lifelong learning, and use what they learn to help all students achieve.
Roles for all Teacher’s exhibit leadership in multiple, sometimes overlapping, ways. Some leadership roles are formal with designated responsibilities. Other more informal roles emerge as
teachers interact with their students. The variety of roles ensures that teachers can nd ways to
lead that t their talents and interests. Regardless of the roles they assume, teacher leaders shape
the culture of their schools, improve student learning, and influence practice among their peers.
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Task of a Teacher
1. To bring the desired change in the learners behavior.
2. To bring desired change in learners mind.
3. To give the students su cient knowledge about the subject.
4. To enhance the skill of the student.
5. Motivate the students to participate in social activities.
6. Motivate the students to ask for any doubt in their mind.
7. Motivate the students that they should not fear from teachers but rather they must be interactive and friendly up to a certain limit.

Pedagogy:-

The aim of pedagogy is to develop the human beings up to the skill acquisition. The teaching is a professional artistry which requires a teacher to effciently plan the objective and give the students meaningful knowledge in teaching-learning process. In the process of teaching, every teacher evolved themselves every day and they also develop their unique teaching style based on multiple encounters with their students.

The job of teaching is a complex process which is executed in a
sophisticated phases. More or less there are four phases.
1. Planning
2. Execution
3. Assessment
4. Reflection
A model of teaching is basically a plan or scheme prepared by teacher to organize instructional material which helps to implement teaching method and to achieve the goal of the curriculum.

Pedagogy Paradigm's

Basic of Effective Teaching Environment.
1. Knowledge of the teacher and love of subject teacher is teaching
2. Teacher must have the knowledge and love with a ection for the students.
3. There must be planning, preparation and organisation of the teaching method.
4. Teacher must be enthusiastic for teaching.
5. Teacher must have ability to stimulate the learner thought and interest.

Method of Teaching:-

Traditional Method
The teacher delivers the lecture content and the learner listened to the lecture. Teachers often continuously talk for an hour without knowing students response and feedback. The material presented is only based on lecturer notes and textbooks. More emphasis has been given on theory without any practical and real life time situations. Learning through memorization but not understanding.
Marks oriented rather than result oriented.

Modren Teaching Method Modern day choice of teaching method depends largely on the information or skill that is being taught, and it may also be influenced by the aptitude and enthusiasm of the students.
1.Lecture Method
Lecture method is the most ancient method as prescribed by the theorists. Lecture method is still nowadays frequently used by teachers where a little or no participation from the learner side.
A Lecture method will be effective if the teacher is experience and he is the master of the subject,explain all the points and can answer all the question raised by student. In this method student
can ask questions anytime if they need any clarification. Efficiency of Lecture method totally depends on quantity of information, style of presenting information, clarity of information, activelistening skills on the part of learners and supplementary material to provide a road map for the Lecture.
Disadvantage
Sometimes the learner becomes a silent receiver of information provided by teacher. Lecture sometimes can be boring and unproductive if it is not organised properly.

Demonstration Method
Demonstration teaching method is the best because in this method teacher shows the proof or explain the idea by using some example or experiment. This strategy is useful in technical or training Institute where practical knowledge is required. It is used to develop skill in the student and teacher. This method is very much useful for science and technology education. In this
method of teaching students can visualise what is happening.
Disadvantages -
• This method can be used only for skills subject
• This method is totally teacher centric and mostly carried out in an laboratory
• This method is highly controllable
• The successful of this method requires accuracy and concentration to get the correct result.

In this method, teachers would be a sincere, diligent and skilled person.
Discussion Method
Discussion is useful between a group of students or between a group of students and teacher. In teaching method, discussions involved stricter discipline and focus explanation of ideas, beliefs
and understanding among a group of students on a chosen topic. Discussion Method emphasises pupil-activity in the form of discussion, rather than simply telling and lecturing by the teacher.
Thus, this method is more effective method.
Limitation of discussion method
• All types of topics cannot be taught by Discussion Method.
• This method cannot be used for teaching small children.
• The students may not follow the rules of discussion.
• Some students may not take part while others may try to dominate.
• The teacher may not be able to guide and provide true leadership in the discussion.

Discussion Method can be more interesting if
• Topic of discussion must be selected from students interest point of view.
• Student must come with the preparation for discussion.
• The teacher should act as an active moderator to allow discussion.

Heuristic Method

This method is based on the trial and error theory of psychological principle. One of the prerequisite for this method is logical and imaginative thinking. This method is economical and very faster. In this method, teacher gives the learner questions and asks them to find out the solution by using various techniques like library, laboratory.
This teaching strategy is totally focused on.
1. To develop problem-solving attitude of the student.
2. To develop scientific attitudes towards the problem.
3. To develop power of self-expression of students.

Disadvantages of Heuristic method
1. This method cannot be used at primary education level.
2. Students need higher intelligence to capture this method.
3. Very few teachers have a sense to guard their students.

Heuristic method can be more interesting if
1. One problem can have solution by using different method. So, it is totally teacher’s responsibility to guide the students and to select most relevant solutions of the problem.
2. The problem given to the students must be related to the course and curriculum
3. There must be eligibility criteria for distributing the problems to the student.

Teaching Aid:-

A teaching aid is a tool used by teachers, facilitators, or tutors to help learners improve reading and other skills, illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact, or idea, and relieve anxiety, fear, or boredom. A teaching aid can be linguistic, visual, auditory, or both. Teaching aid can be presented by using the following rules:
1. Stimulation, role-play, drama, Flim, documentary
2. Blackboard notes, PowerPoint presentation, website resources.
The use of teaching aid in the learning process makes the teacher more resourceful, knowledgeable
, and versatile in his/her own style of teaching. Teaching aid can be used
1. To reinforce the learning process
2. To strengthen the learning process
3. To highlight the important points in the teaching-learning process
4. To enable students to visualize something which cannot be possible through a regular teaching method
There are lots of teaching aids available in modern teaching Society. All the teaching aids can be categorised into two broad stream
1. Visual Teaching Aid
2. Interactive Teaching Aid
Visual Teaching Aids
Visual teaching aids are basically used to provide visual representation of subject matter to the learners in the form of pictures, graph, tables and photo clip. Visual teaching aids make teaching-learning process stimulating to the learners. These types of teaching aids are economic well and can be easily used by the teachers nowadays in modern societies needs.

Visual Teaching Aids

Interactive Teaching Aids
Interactive teaching aids provide the learner visual images or audio clips or both to respond to the queries. In today’s computer world, interactive teaching aids becomes more useful. Useof computerized interactive teaching aids has revolutionized teaching-learning process.

Interactive Teaching Aids

Teaching-Learning Objectives:-

Objectives are statement which describe the learning outcomes expected to be achieved as a result of the teaching-learning process. In other words, objective can be defined in terms of change in
the learners behaviour according to the need of the society where learner is living. We will use some of the terms interchangeably used for objective of teaching-learning process are:
1. Instructional
2. Learning
3. Desirable
4. Terminal
5. Educational
6. Competencies and aims
It is the teacher’s duty to plan and write objective of teaching-learning process to make the teaching more organized and directed. To make the learning objectives, teacher must take into account what the learner will achieve as a result of engaging in learning activity.
The objectivityof teaching-learning process must contain a behaviour, content, condition and criteria so that teachers can drive, in detail what is learned and how well student can learn it.

Purpose of objective
Purpose of Teaching-Learning objectives are-
1. Organization of the subject matter.
2. Selection of e ective instructional objectives.
3. Selection of it is the teaching-learning materials.
4. Planning the e ective evaluation criteria.
5. Consistent with curriculum goals.
6. Made the appropriate teaching learning process to the levels of the learners.
7. At last the objective must be goal directed.

Evaluation System
In any education system evaluation is a critical part. Evaluation basically means the judgment about the student by the teacher, but these judgment is really, really tough. Evaluation is an
interwoven activity in the process of teaching and learning. Nowadays evaluation by using the multiple-choice questions type is better than the broad question.
Principles of Evaluation
Student evaluation in the teaching-learning processes must be well planned, goal oriented and continuous. One piece of paper cannot evaluate a students ability . So it is better that evaluation
must be done inside the classroom throughout the semester. Following are some rules regarding evaluation.
• The process of evaluation should be informed properly to all the student.
• Evaluation must be continuous process.
• Evaluation should be sensitive to learners and must not be biased .
• At the end of the day evaluation must be reliable judgment to student.

Difference between Evaluation and Assessment

In teaching-learning process. The terms evaluation and assessment are used interchangeably, but there is some inherent difference between these two terms.
Assessment
Assessment is a preliminary phase in the evaluation process. A student can be assessed by using the multiple sources like class test, assignment, presentations, quiz, brainstorming session.
Evaluation
Evaluation is the action in the entire process that allows teachers to make a judgment based on assessment records with reference to learning objectives. Assessment without evaluation have no
purpose.
Evaluation Techniques.
1. Written test
2. Classroom activities
3. Assignment
4. Project tasks
5. Laboratory activities
6. Social activities

Types of Evaluation
1. Criteria referenced evaluation:
2. Formative evaluation
3. Norm referenced evaluation
4. Summative evolution
Evaluation and Test
Test is the most widely used technique for evaluation in the education system and other recruitment system. The questions comes in test from some predefined syllabus and students have to
give the answer to those questions in a predefined timeframe. There are mainly two kinds of test
1. Teacher made test
2. Standard test
Teacher made test is totally organized by teacher and questions are also set by teacher. Whereas Standard Test is for very large group where questions is prepared by some central committee.